the study of novel
KHUSHI VEDANI
SEMESTER 5 ( Ty .English)
Class assignment ( presentation - sense and sensibility)
Home assignment ( the old man and the sea summery)
Essay ( the old man and sea theam )
Submission date - 27/ 8/25.
( Class assignment )
Sense and sensibility
About Jane Austen
Born: 16 Dec 1775, Steventon, Hampshire, England
Died: 18 July 1817 (Age 41), Winchester, England
Occupation: Novelist
Known for realistic depictions of English landed gentry
Notable Works: Sense and Sensibility (1811)
Pride and Prejudice (1813)
Mansfield Park (1814)
Emma (1816)
Northanger Abbey (1817)
Persuasion (1817)
About the Novel
First published: 1811 (original title: Elinor and Marianne)
Themes: Love, marriage, money, family, gender roles
Focus: Contrast between Sense (reason, restraint – Elinor) and Sensibility (emotion, passion – Marianne)
Main Characters
Elinor Dashwood – eldest, sensible, self-controlled
Marianne Dashwood – romantic, emotional, impulsive
Margaret Dashwood – youngest, imitates Marianne
Mrs. Dashwood – mother, emotional, hopeful for good marriages
Edward Ferrars – shy, kind, Elinor’s love interest
Colonel Brandon – 35, kind-hearted, loves Marianne
John Willoughby – charming but reckless, Marianne’s love interest
John & Fanny Dashwood – selfish, inherit estate
(Others: Sir John & Lady Middleton, Mrs. Jennings, Lucy Steele, Robert Ferrars, Mrs. Ferrars, etc.)
Summary (Condensed)
Dashwood sisters lose inheritance → move to Barton Cottage.
Elinor forms quiet attachment to Edward Ferrars.
Marianne falls passionately for Willoughby, but he abandons her for wealth.
Edward secretly engaged to Lucy Steele → later betrayed by her.
Colonel Brandon helps the Dashwoods and marries Marianne.
Edward marries Elinor after Lucy leaves him.
Novel ends with both sisters happily married, balancing sense & sensibility.
Themes
💰 Money/Inheritance – determines marriage prospects.
👩🦰 Gender Roles – limited opportunities for women.
💍 Marriage – necessity for security, not just love.
🤫 Discretion vs. Secrecy – politeness, concealment of feelings.
🎭 Appearance vs. Reality – Willoughby’s charm hides flaws.
⚖️ Sense vs. Sensibility – reason vs. passion, need for balance.
Symbols
🏡 Homes – wealth, security, social status.
💰 Money – greed, power, marriage prospects.
💃 Dances – social interaction, escape.
✂️ Locks of Hair – intimacy, but fragile tokens of love.
Analysis
Elinor = Sense (reason, moderation, judgment).
Marianne = Sensibility (emotion, imagination, passion).
Cultural context: Classical restraint vs. Romantic emotion.
Austen’s message: Balance between reason & emotion is essential.
( Home assignment )
Here’s a brief note about the author
Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. He is celebrated for his clear, economical, and understated writing style, which deeply influenced modern literature. Beyond his works, Hemingway became a cultural icon due to his adventurous lifestyle and straightforward personality.
He wrote seven novels, six short-story collections, and two nonfiction works, many of which are now considered classics of American literature. Among his achievements, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
Hemingway’s most famous works include The Old Man and the Sea, A Farewell to Arms, For Whom the Bell Tolls, and The Sun Also Rises. His writing often explores themes of courage, endurance, loss, and the human struggle against fate.
(Summary)
The Old Man and the Sea
The Old Man and the Sea is a novella by Ernest Hemingway, published in 1952, which tells the story of Santiago, an aged Cuban fisherman. For eighty-four days, Santiago has gone without catching a fish, and the villagers consider him unlucky. His young apprentice Manolin is forced by his parents to fish with another, more successful fisherman, yet he remains deeply attached to Santiago, caring for him, bringing him food, and admiring his spirit. Santiago often talks to him about baseball and especially about his hero, Joe DiMaggio, who plays through pain and inspires Santiago with his endurance.
On the eighty-fifth day, Santiago sets out alone into the Gulf Stream, determined to break his streak of bad luck. After catching a small tuna for food, he finally hooks a giant marlin, the biggest fish he has ever encountered. Unable to pull it in, Santiago holds the line with his hands, beginning a long and exhausting struggle that lasts three days and nights. The marlin tows his small skiff far out into the sea. Santiago feels both admiration and kinship for the fish, calling it his “brother,” even as he resolves to kill it.
The battle becomes a test of Santiago’s strength, skill, and endurance. His hands cramp and bleed, his back aches, and he grows weak from hunger and lack of sleep. Still, he refuses to give up. He draws inspiration from his memory of DiMaggio, who played despite a painful injury, and from his dreams of lions on the beaches of Africa, symbols of his youth, vitality, and hope. Finally, Santiago kills the marlin by harpooning it through the heart. Exhausted but proud, he lashes the enormous fish—eighteen feet long—to the side of his boat and begins the journey home.
On the way back, however, sharks attack the marlin, drawn by its blood. Santiago fights them desperately with a harpoon, an oar, and even his makeshift weapons, killing many, but more sharks arrive until the marlin is reduced to a skeleton. By the time Santiago reaches his village, he has nothing left but the bones of the great fish. He is utterly exhausted, carrying his mast on his shoulders like a cross, echoing Christ’s suffering.
The next morning, villagers are astonished at the size of the marlin’s skeleton, realizing the magnitude of Santiago’s battle. Manolin finds Santiago asleep in his shack, weeps at the wounds on his hands, and promises to fish with him again, regardless of his parents’ orders. Santiago, meanwhile, drifts back into sleep and dreams once more of the lions, symbolizing his undying spirit.
( Essay )
The old man and the sea theme
Ernest Hemingway (1899–1961) was an American novelist, short-story writer, and journalist. He is celebrated for his clear, economical, and understated writing style, which deeply influenced modern literature. Beyond his works, Hemingway became a cultural icon due to his adventurous lifestyle and straightforward personality.
He wrote seven novels, six short-story collections, and two nonfiction works, many of which are now considered classics of American literature. Among his achievements, he won the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction in 1953 and the Nobel Prize in Literature in 1954.
👉🏻 Themes
1. Pride and Determination – Santiago’s pride motivates him to endure the impossible battle, even though it leads to suffering.
2. Perseverance and Endurance – The old man’s strength of will shows the dignity of human struggle.
3. Suffering – Santiago accepts pain as part of life and even finds meaning in it, resembling Christ-like endurance.
4. Isolation and Loneliness – Alone at sea, Santiago reflects on his life, finding companionship in the marlin and his memories.
5. Man and Nature – Santiago respects the sea and its creatures, recognizing both their beauty and their cruelty.
6. Defeat vs. Victory – Though Santiago loses the marlin to the sharks, his courage and endurance turn his defeat into a kind of spiritual victory.
👉🏻 Symbols
The Marlin – Santiago’s worthy opponent, symbolizing dignity, beauty, and strength.
The Sharks – Symbols of destruction, greed, and forces that ruin noble struggles.
Joe DiMaggio – Inspiration and a symbol of resilience in the face of suffering.
Lions – Memories of youth and hope, symbolizing strength, renewal, and life.
The Mast – Carried like a cross, it reflects Santiago’s Christ-like endurance and sacrifice.
